A very low energy diet (VLED) is a crucial step in preparing patients for bariatric surgery, optimizing their health and surgical outcomes. This specially designed diet, followed 2-4 weeks before surgery, plays a key role in ensuring the procedure is safer and more effective.
A VLED is a low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet prescribed to bariatric patients preoperatively. It is specifically formulated to provide all essential nutrients while significantly reducing calorie intake. The diet typically includes products such as shakes, bars, and soups that help sustain your nutritional needs while limiting daily caloric intake to around 800 calories.
For patients preparing for bariatric surgery, products like Optifast® are commonly recommended, though other brands are available.
Following a VLED is not without challenges. It requires discipline and a strong commitment. Here's a glimpse of what your daily diet might look like:
While on this diet, you might experience temporary side effects such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, difficulty concentrating, and hunger. These symptoms typically subside as your body adjusts. It's crucial to stay hydrated and work closely with your healthcare team, especially your dietitian, for support and guidance.
The benefits of a very low energy diet go far beyond preoperative weight loss. Let’s break them down:
Patients with obesity often have an enlarged, fatty liver, which can make bariatric surgery more difficult. A VLED helps “shrink the liver” by significantly reducing caloric intake, allowing surgeons easier access to the stomach during minimally invasive procedures.
Similarly, a reduction in visceral fat—the fat around internal organs—enhances surgical precision and decreases the risk of complications. This is particularly beneficial for patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery.
Studies like the one by Colles et al. (2006) confirm that a smaller liver reduces operative difficulty and surgical time, improving overall patient outcomes.
A VLED leads to short-term weight loss, which reduces the strain on vital organs such as the heart and lungs. This is especially beneficial for patients with comorbidities like:
Preoperative weight loss can improve respiratory and cardiovascular function, lowering the risk of postoperative complications.
By shrinking the liver, reducing visceral fat, and improving overall health, a VLED decreases the surgeon-perceived difficulty of the procedure. This often results in:
Research such as the 2024 study by Khemtong et al. also highlights the potential for a VLED to reduce postoperative morbidity, further emphasizing its importance.
Starting your weight loss journey before surgery means you’re already closer to achieving your health and weight goals. Patients who begin their journey with preoperative weight loss are more likely to maintain motivation and achieve long-term success after surgery.
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